Challenges & Material Risks
Exporters
The Binary Forest Problem: Why EUDR Map-Based Compliance Misreads Agroforestry
West African cocoa already faces drought and rainfall extremes that threaten yields. The EUDR maps that will police those same landscapes cannot tell shade-grown agroforestry from the forest beside it — and Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire have already shown the plot-level alternative.